Apraxia of Speech vs Speech Sound Disorders – Accurate Diagnosis is Key
- Lenora Edwards
- Jul 27, 2018
- 4 min read
Updated: Aug 25
The definition of apraxia, and experience to distinguish apraxia from speech sound disorders, are important for parents, teachers and speech therapists.
The American Speech-Language-Hearing Association (ASHA) has defined the top three characteristics of childhood apraxia of speech (CAS) in order to help speech therapists make an accurate diagnosis and distinguish it from other speech sound disorders.
In our video below, Svetlana walks you through what distinguishes apraxia, and what you can do to help. Or keep reading to see the tips in this blog.
The 3 criteria that identify apraxia of speech are:
Inconsistent errors on consonants and vowels in repeated productions of syllables or words (meaning that if the child says the same word many times, it may sound differently each time)
Lengthened and disrupted co-articulatory transitions between sounds and syllables (meaning that the child’s speech sounds choppy or disconnected due to trouble transitioning between sounds, or between words in older children)
Inappropriate prosody, especially in the realization of lexical or phrasal stress (meaning that the rhythm, intonation, and stress of speech may sound off, the child may sound robotic, have incorrect phrasing, or stress the wrong words or syllables)
With the right diagnosis, your child will improve better.
(Source: ASHA)
We often will reinforce the fact that not all children are the same, and they may develop at different rates. However, as parents, you are much more familiar with the subtle differences that your child demonstrates. Is it a speech delay? A speech sound disorder? Or something more specific like apraxia?
Here is a list of some more possible characteristics of children with apraxia of speech. Listen for these and perhaps ask a close friend or relative to also listen for these cues:
More mistakes are made as longer or more difficult words are attempted:
2 syllable words like “water,” “soccer,” or “doggy”
3 syllable words like “dinosaur,” “fantastic,” or “basketball”
The number and variety of vowel sounds is low; or errors when producing vowel sounds (vowels include /a,e,i,o,u/ sounds)
Sometimes “groping” behaviors are observed. This is when your child appears to struggle to place their tongue, teeth, lips or mouth in general to start or produce the syllable or word.
It is important to note that not all children show “groping” behaviors at all times. If your child does not demonstrate groping during speech attempts, it does NOT necessarily rule out apraxia of speech.
Differential diagnosis between apraxia of speech and speech sound delays or disorders are crucial in order to provide the right type of therapy.
Children with apraxia of speech require specific evidence-based childhood apraxia of speech treatment solutions that are unique to their needs. Therefore, a differential diagnosis between apraxia of speech and speech sound delays or disorders are crucial. Only a qualified speech language pathologist who has experience diagnosing or treating apraxia should be consulted to accurately assess a child’s speech and language abilities. Apraxia therapy should be performed by a professional and tailored to the specific child.
Frequently Asked Questions
How can I tell if my child has apraxia of speech or a speech sound disorder?
The two conditions can look similar on the surface, but they have important differences. Apraxia of speech involves difficulty planning and coordinating the movements needed for speech, while speech sound disorders typically involve consistent sound errors or substitutions. A licensed speech-language pathologist can evaluate your child's speech patterns and give you a clear, accurate diagnosis.
Why does an accurate diagnosis between apraxia and a speech sound disorder matter so much?
Treatment approaches for the two conditions are quite different, so starting with the wrong therapy can slow your child's progress. Apraxia often requires intensive, motor-based practice, while speech sound disorders may respond better to phonological or articulation-focused techniques. Getting the right diagnosis from the start means your child gets the targeted support they actually need.
Can adults be diagnosed with apraxia of speech, or is it only a childhood condition?
Adults can absolutely develop apraxia of speech, often following a stroke, brain injury, or neurological condition. It is sometimes called acquired apraxia of speech to distinguish it from childhood apraxia. A thorough evaluation by a speech-language pathologist will identify the type and severity so a personalized treatment plan can be created.
How long does it typically take to see improvement with therapy for apraxia or speech sound disorders?
Progress timelines vary depending on the severity of the condition, the child's age, and how consistently therapy is practiced. Apraxia generally requires longer, more frequent treatment than many speech sound disorders. Regular home practice between sessions, guided by your speech-language pathologist, plays a big role in how quickly meaningful gains are made.
How do I find a qualified speech-language pathologist who accepts insurance and does not have a long waitlist?
Finding available, affordable care can feel overwhelming, but Better Speech offers licensed speech-language pathologists who provide online sessions with insurance-ready billing and no waitlists. You can get started quickly from the comfort of your home, which also means consistent attendance and more effective progress. A good therapist will begin with a thorough evaluation to ensure your child or loved one receives the right diagnosis and treatment plan.
About the Author
Aycen Zambuto
I’m a seasoned educator in speech therapy with over six years of experience helping people navigate challenges in communication. Throughout this time, I’ve found joy in guiding individuals through a variety of therapeutic journeys, from toddlers with apraxia to seniors with dysphonia.
I’m passionate about demystifying this complex world of speech therapy and helping readers around the globe achieve clear and effective communication. When I’m not writing about speech, you’ll often find me reading, traveling or spending time with friends and family.
